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Assessing the Transfer of Personal Data in the European Union in the Light of the Data Protection Directive
Assessing the Transfer of Personal Data in the European Union in the Light of the Data Protection Directive
Cemil KAYA
Sayfa Sayısı
:
71
Kitap Ölçüleri
:
16x23 cm
Basım Yılı
:
2011
ISBN NO
:
9786055373504
600,00
TL
PREFACE
The issue of the transfer of personal data is important, especially regarding the safeguarding of personal privacy. To secure personal pri-vacy, inter alia, the European Union adopted a binding directive in 1995 known as the "Protection of Individuals with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and on the Free Movement of Such Data". Affecting not only ali Member States but also third countries, the Directive set the nıain outlines for transferring personal data. Under the Directive, personal data transfers to a third country are subject to a special regime determined by whether an adequate level of protection exists in this country, bound by certain limited exemptions. in contrast, in the Directive there is no special regime for the transfer of personal data from one Member State to another since Member States are deemed to provide an adequate level of protection. The purpose of this study is to examine the provisions of the Directive on the transfer of personal data. The Directive, in general, sought to achieve harmonization of data protection laws of ali Member States, but it is doubtful whether this has been achieved. The research shows that different practises stili exist in Member States on the transfer of personal data, and the Directive provisions have not been successful in complete harmonization.
I know compared with the legal languages, the words expressed here are simple and plain. With this consideration in mind, it will be a great pleasure for me to express my thanks to those involved. First of ali, I would like to thank Portsmouth University staffs who have been very helpful, friendly and supportive during my study. Also, I am grateful to my excellent friend, Jacky Murphy, for her valuable comments, help and guidance. Additionally, I would like to express my thanks to my lovely neighbours Ronnie and Brenda Mitchell too, who helped me whenever I needed. Last but not least, I would like to say special thanks to my wife, Hülya, and my daughters, Aybala Gökçen; Hasene Beyza, and my brother, Dr. ibrahim Kaya, and my family for their continued patience, endurance and forbearance as without them this would not have been possible.
Cemil Kaya
İÇİNDEKİLER :
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE..............................................................................................................VII
LIST OF ABREVIATIONS............................................................................... XI
Intro duction .................................................................................................1
I. CHAPTER 1
Basic Inte rnat ional Docu ments
on the Transfer of Personal Dat a
I.1. The OECD Guidelines....................................................................................7
I.2. The Council of Europe Conventions (108 and 181).................................9
I.3. The Data Protection Directive....................................................................10
II. CHAPTER 2
Re gulat ing the Transfer of
Personal Data in the Direct ive
II.1. The Concept of Personal
Data....................................................................16
II.2. The Concept of Transfer..............................................................................17
II.3. The Transfer of Personal Data within the EU/EEA.............................19
II.4. The Transfer of Personal Data outside the EU/EEA............................21
II.4.1. Application of the Adequacy Principle.......................................... 23
II.4.2. The European Commission Findings as to Adequacy
Principle..................................................................................................... 25
II.4.3. The Criteria for Adequacy Principle............................................. 34
II.4.4. Exemptions from the Adequacy Principle.....................................37
II.4.4.1. Derogations (Article 26/1).....................................................39
II.4.4.2. Contractual Clauses (Article 26(2))....................................41
X
II.4.4.3. Binding Corporate Rules (Article 26(2)).......................... 44
Conclusion ......................................................................................................47
Appen dix 1: The Data Protection Directive
(Relevant Parts )..................................................................................51
Bibliograp hy..................................................................................................61
Index ..................................................................................................................... 69
The issue of the transfer of personal data is important, especially regarding the safeguarding of personal privacy. To secure personal pri-vacy, inter alia, the European Union adopted a binding directive in 1995 known as the "Protection of Individuals with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and on the Free Movement of Such Data". Affecting not only ali Member States but also third countries, the Directive set the nıain outlines for transferring personal data. Under the Directive, personal data transfers to a third country are subject to a special regime determined by whether an adequate level of protection exists in this country, bound by certain limited exemptions. in contrast, in the Directive there is no special regime for the transfer of personal data from one Member State to another since Member States are deemed to provide an adequate level of protection. The purpose of this study is to examine the provisions of the Directive on the transfer of personal data. The Directive, in general, sought to achieve harmonization of data protection laws of ali Member States, but it is doubtful whether this has been achieved. The research shows that different practises stili exist in Member States on the transfer of personal data, and the Directive provisions have not been successful in complete harmonization.
I know compared with the legal languages, the words expressed here are simple and plain. With this consideration in mind, it will be a great pleasure for me to express my thanks to those involved. First of ali, I would like to thank Portsmouth University staffs who have been very helpful, friendly and supportive during my study. Also, I am grateful to my excellent friend, Jacky Murphy, for her valuable comments, help and guidance. Additionally, I would like to express my thanks to my lovely neighbours Ronnie and Brenda Mitchell too, who helped me whenever I needed. Last but not least, I would like to say special thanks to my wife, Hülya, and my daughters, Aybala Gökçen; Hasene Beyza, and my brother, Dr. ibrahim Kaya, and my family for their continued patience, endurance and forbearance as without them this would not have been possible.
Cemil Kaya
İÇİNDEKİLER :
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE..............................................................................................................VII
LIST OF ABREVIATIONS............................................................................... XI
Intro duction .................................................................................................1
I. CHAPTER 1
Basic Inte rnat ional Docu ments
on the Transfer of Personal Dat a
I.1. The OECD Guidelines....................................................................................7
I.2. The Council of Europe Conventions (108 and 181).................................9
I.3. The Data Protection Directive....................................................................10
II. CHAPTER 2
Re gulat ing the Transfer of
Personal Data in the Direct ive
II.1. The Concept of Personal
Data....................................................................16
II.2. The Concept of Transfer..............................................................................17
II.3. The Transfer of Personal Data within the EU/EEA.............................19
II.4. The Transfer of Personal Data outside the EU/EEA............................21
II.4.1. Application of the Adequacy Principle.......................................... 23
II.4.2. The European Commission Findings as to Adequacy
Principle..................................................................................................... 25
II.4.3. The Criteria for Adequacy Principle............................................. 34
II.4.4. Exemptions from the Adequacy Principle.....................................37
II.4.4.1. Derogations (Article 26/1).....................................................39
II.4.4.2. Contractual Clauses (Article 26(2))....................................41
X
II.4.4.3. Binding Corporate Rules (Article 26(2)).......................... 44
Conclusion ......................................................................................................47
Appen dix 1: The Data Protection Directive
(Relevant Parts )..................................................................................51
Bibliograp hy..................................................................................................61
Index ..................................................................................................................... 69
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