Law On International Carriage Of Goods

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1. SUBJECT MATTER AND AIM ......................................... 1
2. SCOPE AND STRUCTURE .............................................. 2
3. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY................................. 3
4. ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................... 4

PART ONE JURISDICTION

1. JUDICIAL COURTS ....................................................... 7
2. ARBITRATION TRIBUNALS ......................................... 10

PART TWO APPLICABLE LAW

1. GENERAL ................................................................. 13
2. SOURCES AND ORDER OF LAW .................................. 14

A) CONVENTION BASED UNIFORM MANDATORY
RULES: INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT
CONVENTIONS ..................................................... 14

1. General............................................................. 14
2. Aims of the Rules................................................. 18
3. Legislative style of the Rules ..................................  19

4-  Legal nature of the Rules................................... 19

1. Convention based uniform rules..................... 19
2. Mandatory rules........................................... 21

5-   (Geographical) scope of the Rules ..................... 22

2. NATIONAL MANDATORY RULES .................. 23
3. CONTRACT OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE

OF GOODS .......................................................... 24

D)  SECONDARY COMMERCIAL RULES .............. 24

E)  COMMERCIAL CUSTOMS: LEX
MARCOTARIA.................................................... 25

F)  NATIONAL SECONDARY (DIRECTIVE)
ORDINARY RULES ........................................... 26

G)   ORDINARY CUSTOMS ..................................... 26

H) JUDGEMADELAW ......................................... 26

PART THREE

CONTRACT OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF GOODS

1. DEFINITION ............................................................. 27
2. ELEMENTS ............................................................... 27
3. A) INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF GOODS..... ...27
4. Carriage........................................................... 27

1. Carriage of goods............................................. 28
2. Carriage by sea, land, and air ............................ 30
3. International carriage......................................... 31

5- Carriage of goods in carrier's custody .......................... 32

2. FREIGHT............................................................... 32
3. AGREEMENT........................................................ 32
3. DOCUMENTARY SCOPE OF THE RULES ........................ 33
4. TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS PROVING THE
   CONTRACT OF CARRIAGE............................................ 35
5. BILLS OF LADING ................................................. 35
6. WAYBILLS.............................................................. 36
7. OTHER TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS ......................... 38
8. ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS ................ 38
5. SUB-CONTRACTS OF CARRIAGE .................................. 39
6. CONTRACTS OF THROUGH-CARRIAGE......................... 41
7. GENERAL ............................................................. 41
8. TYPES OF CONTRACTS OF THROUGH-
   CARRIAGE ............................................................ 42
9. Contracts of linked carriage..................................... 42
10. Contracts of combined (multimodal) carriage............... 43

VII.  ENLARGEMENT OF THE SCOPE OF THE RULES
TO CONTRACTS OUTSIDE THEIR COVERAGE BY
AGREEMENT ............................................................. 44 VIII.   TERMINATION OF THE CONTRACT ............................ 45

PART FOUR CONTRACTING PARTIES I.     (CONTRACTING) CARRIER ................................... 47

1. IN GENERAL ...................................................... 47
2. LEGAL POSITION OF THE CARRIER WHO HAS
   ISSUED A BILL OF LADING ............................. 49
3. THIRD PERSONS DEEMED A CARRIER
   BYLAW ............................................................. 50

1-   Sub-carriers, substitute carriers, actual carriers

and shipowners................................................. 50

1. Carrier's servants or agents .............................. 53
2. Carrier's liability insurer..................................... 54

1. GENERAL ........................................................... 55
2. THIRD PERSONS DEEMED A (CONTRACTING)
   SHIPPER / CONSIGNOR BY LAW..................... 57
3. Actual shippers ................................................ 57
4. Consignees....................................................... 59
5. General....................................................... 59
6. Beneficiaries ............................................... 59
7. Holders of bill of lading................................. 60
8. Assignees.................................................... 61
9. Statutory subrogees...................................... 61

III.  ORGANIZERS OF TRANSPORT (FREIGHT
FORWARDERS)........................................................ 61

PART FIVE CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS I.     OBLIGATION ON THE CARRIER: CARRIAGE

OF GOODS ................................................................ 63

1. GENERAL ............................................................ 63
2. OBLIGATION TO RECEIVE GOODS ............... 65
3. OBLIGATION TO LOAD GOODS ..................... 66
4. OBLIGATION TO HANDLE GOODS................. 67

E)  OBLIGATION TO STOW GOODS ..................... 67

F)   OBLIGATION TO PROCEED ON THE

VOYAGE OF GOODS ....................................... 68

G)  OBLIGATION TO KEEP GOODS...................... 69

H) OBLIGATION TO CARE FOR GOODS.............. 69

I)   OBLIGATION TO ABIDE BY THE CARGO
INTEREST'S INSTRUCTIONS WITH
RESPECT TO THE GOODS................................ 70

J)   OBLIGATION TO DISCHARGE GOODS.......... 70

K) OBLIGATION TO DELIVER GOODS................ 71

L) IMPOSSIBILITY IN THE PERFORMANCE OF

THE OBLIGATION OF CARRIAGE................... 74

II.    OBLIGATIONS ON THE (CONTRACTING)
SHIPPER / CONSIGNOR: ....................................... 76